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Spirifer
Classification
Phylum:
Brachiopoda
Class:
Rhynchonellata
Order:
Spiriferida
Superfamily:
Spiriferoidea
Family:
Spiriferidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Spirifer J. SOWERBY, 1816 in 1815-1818, p. 41
Type Species:
Conchyliolithus (Anomia) striatus Martin, 1793, pl. 23, SD ICZN Opinion 100, 1928, p. 12
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 1165a–d. *S. (S.) striatus (MARTIN ), Lower Carboniferous, British Isles; ventral, dorsal, anterior, and posterior views, ×1 (new).
Synonyms
Spiriferus, Spirifera
Geographic Distribution
cosmopolitan
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Carboniferous (Tournaisian)
Beginning International Stage:
Tournaisian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
359.3
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Carboniferous (Visean, ?Serpukhovian, ?lower Bashkirian)
Ending International Stage:
Bashkirian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
50
Ending Date:
319.28
Description
Medium to large, slightly to strongly transverse with angular to slightly mucronate cardinal extremities, ventral interarea of moderate height, concave, apsacline, delthyrium partially occluded by overlapping stegidial plates in type species, possibly open in others, sulcus variable in development, often weak, shallow, rounded, poorly delimited, fold well defined posteriorly by bounding interspaces but spreading anteriorly and incorporating additional costae, ornament consisting of numerous, commonly bifurcating costae over entire surface, primary costae sometimes trifurcate, producing weak fasciculations on lateral slopes, ventral interior with thick apical callus, usually with strong, diverging dental adminicula and incised muscle field, short delthyrial plate present in at least some species.
References
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Brachiopoda
Class:
Rhynchonellata
Order:
Spiriferida
Superfamily:
Spiriferoidea
Family:
Spiriferidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Spirifer J. SOWERBY, 1816 in 1815-1818, p. 41
Type Species:
Conchyliolithus (Anomia) striatus Martin, 1793, pl. 23, SD ICZN Opinion 100, 1928, p. 12
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 1165a–d. *S. (S.) striatus (MARTIN ), Lower Carboniferous, British Isles; ventral, dorsal, anterior, and posterior views, ×1 (new).
Synonyms
Spiriferus, Spirifera
Geographic Distribution
cosmopolitan
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Carboniferous (Tournaisian)
Beginning International Stage:
Tournaisian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
359.3
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Carboniferous (Visean, ?Serpukhovian, ?lower Bashkirian)
Ending International Stage:
Bashkirian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
50
Ending Date:
319.28
Description
Medium to large, slightly to strongly transverse with angular to slightly mucronate cardinal extremities, ventral interarea of moderate height, concave, apsacline, delthyrium partially occluded by overlapping stegidial plates in type species, possibly open in others, sulcus variable in development, often weak, shallow, rounded, poorly delimited, fold well defined posteriorly by bounding interspaces but spreading anteriorly and incorporating additional costae, ornament consisting of numerous, commonly bifurcating costae over entire surface, primary costae sometimes trifurcate, producing weak fasciculations on lateral slopes, ventral interior with thick apical callus, usually with strong, diverging dental adminicula and incised muscle field, short delthyrial plate present in at least some species.